written or reviewed by
Lindsay E. Dawson, M.D.

Diabetes and Glaucoma: What You Need to Know

When we think of diabetes, we often associate it with blood sugar management and its impact on various organs such as the kidneys and heart. However, what many people may not realize is diabetes can also affect the eyes, potentially leading to a serious condition known as glaucoma. It’s important to understand the connection between diabetes and glaucoma, the risks involved, and how you can protect your vision.

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that can damage the optic nerve, typically caused by elevated pressure within the eye. This pressure, known as intraocular pressure (IOP), can gradually increase, leading to optic nerve damage and vision loss if left untreated. Glaucoma is often referred to as the “silent thief of sight” because it can progress slowly and without noticeable symptoms until significant vision loss occurs.

The Diabetes Factor

Diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma. Researchers believe that chronic high blood sugar levels can result in reduced blood flow, inflammation and oxidative stress that may contribute to damage of the optic nerve.

Individuals with diabetes are also more likely to develop a specific type of glaucoma known as “neovascular glaucoma.” In this condition, abnormal blood vessels grow on the iris (the colored part of the eye), leading to increased pressure within the eye and potential vision loss.

For individuals with diabetes, it’s crucial to be aware of the increased risk of developing glaucoma and to take proactive steps to protect their vision. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection and management of both diabetes-related eye conditions and glaucoma. These comprehensive eye exams allow your eye doctor to monitor changes in your eye health and detect any signs of glaucoma before irreversible damage occurs.

Managing Diabetes and Glaucoma

Proper management of diabetes is key to reducing the risk of developing glaucoma and other diabetic eye complications. This includes maintaining healthy blood sugar levels through diet, exercise, medication, and regular monitoring. Additionally, individuals with diabetes should prioritize regular visits to their eye doctor for comprehensive eye exams, even if they have no noticeable vision problems.

For those already diagnosed with glaucoma, managing both conditions requires a multidisciplinary approach involving collaboration between an ophthalmologist, endocrinologist, and primary care physician. Treatment options for glaucoma may include prescription eye drops, laser therapy, or surgical intervention, depending on the severity and progression of the disease.  

Protect Your Vision

There is no cure for glaucoma, so early detection and intervention are key to preserving your vision and overall eye health. Don’t wait for vision loss to occur. If you live in the Washington DC area and have diabetes, schedule an appointment with the skilled ophthalmologists at Washington Eye Physicians & Surgeons.