written or reviewed by
Lisa M. Tom, M.D.

Glaucoma Risk Factors and Strategies for Prevention

Glaucoma affects millions of Americans. While glaucoma can strike anyone, certain factors can increase an individual’s risk. By understanding these risk factors and adopting preventive measures, individuals can take proactive steps to protect their vision and overall eye health.

Glaucoma Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the development of glaucoma. While some are beyond one’s control, awareness of these risk factors can prompt early screening and management:

• Age: Advancing age is a significant risk factor for glaucoma. Individuals over the age of 60 are at a higher risk of developing the condition.
• Family History: A family history of glaucoma increases the likelihood of its occurrence. If a close relative has glaucoma, your risk is higher.
• Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African, Hispanic, and Asian populations, have a higher predisposition to certain types of glaucoma.
• Eye Health: Individuals with certain eye conditions, such as high eye pressure (intraocular pressure) or thin corneas, are more susceptible to glaucoma.
• Trauma: Previous eye injuries are a risk factor for glaucoma.
• Use of Corticosteroids: Long-term use of corticosteroid medications, whether in the form of eye drops, oral tablets, or inhalers, can increase intraocular pressure and contribute to the development of glaucoma.

Prevention Strategies

While some risk factors can’t be changed, there are several strategies individuals can adopt to reduce their risk of developing glaucoma:

• Regular Eye Exams: Comprehensive eye exams, including measurements of intraocular pressure, are essential for early glaucoma detection. When indicated, testing such as visual fields and optical coherence tomography are used to monitor patients with glaucoma or at risk of developing glaucoma.
• Screening of family members: If you know that a family member has glaucoma, discuss screening for glaucoma with your eye doctor. Being aware of your family’s eye health history can prompt earlier screening and proactive management if needed.
• Healthy Diet: Consuming a diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals can promote overall eye health. Include foods like leafy greens, fruits, and omega-3 fatty acids.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity can improve blood circulation, reducing the risk of eye conditions related to poor circulation.
• Manage Diabetes and Hypertension: Properly managing these conditions can minimize their impact on eye health.
• Eye Protection: Protect your eyes from injury by wearing appropriate eyewear when participating in sports or engaging in activities with potential eye hazards.
• Awareness and Education: Educate yourself and your loved ones about glaucoma’s risk factors and the importance of early detection.

Understanding the risk factors associated with glaucoma and taking preventive measures can play a pivotal role in preserving your vision. Regular eye exams, a healthy lifestyle, and early intervention are key components in the battle against glaucoma.

For more information on glaucoma risk factors and prevention, schedule an appointment with the glaucoma specialists at Washington Eye Physicians and Surgeons.